diff --git a/include/IR/IR_basic.h b/include/IR/IR_basic.h
index 3edfa0a..eafab9d 100644
--- a/include/IR/IR_basic.h
+++ b/include/IR/IR_basic.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class TypeDefItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
 };
 class GlobalVarDefItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
   LLVMType type;
   std::string name_raw;
 
@@ -66,9 +67,13 @@ class GlobalVarDefItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
   }
 };
 class ActionItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {};
-class JMPActionItem : public ActionItem {};
+class JMPActionItem : public ActionItem {
+ public:
+  std::shared_ptr<class PhiItem> corresponding_phi;
+};
 class BRAction : public JMPActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
   std::string cond;
   std::string true_label_full;
   std::string false_label_full;
@@ -82,6 +87,7 @@ class BRAction : public JMPActionItem {
 class UNConditionJMPAction : public JMPActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
   friend class FunctionDefItem;
+  friend void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
   std::string label_full;
 
  public:
@@ -91,6 +97,7 @@ class UNConditionJMPAction : public JMPActionItem {
 class RETAction : public JMPActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
   friend class FunctionDefItem;
+  friend void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
   LLVMType type;
   std::string value;
 
@@ -108,8 +115,12 @@ class RETAction : public JMPActionItem {
     }
   }
 };
+namespace NaiveBackend {
+void ScanForVar(class FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
+}
 class BinaryOperationAction : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string op;
   std::string operand1_full;
   std::string operand2_full;
@@ -134,6 +145,7 @@ class BinaryOperationAction : public ActionItem {
 };
 class AllocaAction : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string name_full;
   LLVMType type;
   size_t num;
@@ -157,6 +169,7 @@ class AllocaAction : public ActionItem {
 };
 class LoadAction : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string result_full;
   LLVMType ty;
   std::string ptr_full;
@@ -177,6 +190,7 @@ class LoadAction : public ActionItem {
 };
 class StoreAction : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   LLVMType ty;
   std::string value_full;
   std::string ptr_full;
@@ -197,6 +211,7 @@ class StoreAction : public ActionItem {
 };
 class GetElementPtrAction : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string result_full;
   LLVMType ty;
   std::string ptr_full;
@@ -224,6 +239,7 @@ class GetElementPtrAction : public ActionItem {
 };
 class ICMPAction : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string op;
   std::string operand1_full;
   std::string operand2_full;
@@ -247,6 +263,8 @@ class ICMPAction : public ActionItem {
 class BlockItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
   friend class IRBuilder;
   friend class FunctionDefItem;
+  friend void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string label_full;
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ActionItem>> actions;
   std::shared_ptr<JMPActionItem> exit_action;
@@ -263,6 +281,7 @@ class BlockItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
 };
 class CallItem : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string result_full;
   LLVMType return_type;
   std::string func_name_raw;
@@ -311,6 +330,7 @@ class CallItem : public ActionItem {
 
 class PhiItem : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string result_full;
   LLVMType ty;
   std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> values;  // (val_i_full, label_i_full)
@@ -337,6 +357,7 @@ class PhiItem : public ActionItem {
 };
 class SelectItem : public ActionItem {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void NaiveBackend::ScanForVar(class NaiveBackend::FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action);
   std::string result_full;
   std::string cond_full;
   std::string true_val_full;
@@ -367,6 +388,7 @@ class SelectItem : public ActionItem {
 };
 class FunctionDefItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
   friend class IRBuilder;
+  friend void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
   LLVMType return_type;
   std::string func_name_raw;
   std::vector<LLVMType> args;
@@ -451,6 +473,7 @@ class FunctionDeclareItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
 };
 class ConstStrItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
   friend std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> BuildIR(std::shared_ptr<Program_ASTNode> src);
+  friend void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
   friend class IRBuilder;
   std::string string_raw;
   size_t const_str_id;
@@ -484,11 +507,13 @@ class ConstStrItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
 class ModuleItem : public LLVMIRItemBase {
   friend class IRBuilder;
   friend std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> BuildIR(std::shared_ptr<Program_ASTNode> src);
+  friend void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ConstStrItem>> const_strs;
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionDeclareItem>> function_declares;
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TypeDefItem>> type_defs;
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<GlobalVarDefItem>> global_var_defs;
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionDefItem>> function_defs;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, IRClassInfo> low_level_class_info;
 
  public:
   ModuleItem() = default;
diff --git a/include/naivebackend/build_layout.hpp b/include/naivebackend/build_layout.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0d4894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/naivebackend/build_layout.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include "IR/IR_basic.h"
+#include "naivebackend.h"
+#include "tools.h"
+
+namespace NaiveBackend {
+inline size_t CalcSize(const LLVMType &tp) {
+  if (std::holds_alternative<LLVMIRIntType>(tp)) {
+    auto &int_tp = std::get<LLVMIRIntType>(tp);
+    return (int_tp.bits + 7) / 8;
+  } else if (std::holds_alternative<LLVMIRPTRType>(tp)) {
+    return 4;
+  } else if (std::holds_alternative<LLVMVOIDType>(tp)) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Cannot calculate size of void type");
+    return 0;
+  } else if (std::holds_alternative<LLVMIRCLASSTYPE>(tp)) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Cannot calculate size of class type");
+  } else
+    throw std::runtime_error("Unknown type");
+}
+inline void ScanForVar(FuncLayout &layout, std::shared_ptr<ActionItem> action) {
+  if (std::dynamic_pointer_cast<JMPActionItem>(action)) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("JMPActionItem should not be in the layout");
+  } else if (auto binary_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BinaryOperationAction>(action)) {
+    if (binary_act->result_full == "") {
+      throw std::runtime_error("BinaryOperationAction should have a result_full");
+    }
+    layout.AllocateItem(binary_act->result_full, CalcSize(binary_act->type));
+  } else if (auto alloca_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AllocaAction>(action)) {
+    if (alloca_act->name_full == "") {
+      throw std::runtime_error("AllocaAction should have a name_full");
+    }
+    layout.AllocateItem(alloca_act->name_full, CalcSize(alloca_act->type), alloca_act->num);
+  } else if (auto load_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LoadAction>(action)) {
+    if (load_act->result_full == "") {
+      throw std::runtime_error("LoadAction should have a result_full");
+    }
+    layout.AllocateItem(load_act->result_full, CalcSize(load_act->ty));
+  } else if (auto store_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<StoreAction>(action)) {
+    // just do nothing
+  } else if (auto get_element_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GetElementPtrAction>(action)) {
+    if (get_element_act->result_full == "") {
+      throw std::runtime_error("GetElementPtrAction should have a result_full");
+    }
+    layout.AllocateItem(get_element_act->result_full, CalcSize(get_element_act->ty));
+  } else if (auto icmp_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ICMPAction>(action)) {
+    if (icmp_act->result_full == "") {
+      throw std::runtime_error("ICMPAction should have a result_full");
+    }
+    layout.AllocateItem(icmp_act->result_full, 1);
+  } else if (auto call_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CallItem>(action)) {
+    if (call_act->result_full == "") {
+      if (!std::holds_alternative<LLVMVOIDType>(call_act->return_type)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("CallItem should have a result_full");
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    layout.AllocateItem(call_act->result_full, CalcSize(call_act->return_type));
+  } else if (auto phi_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<PhiItem>(action)) {
+    if (phi_act->result_full == "") {
+      throw std::runtime_error("PhiItem should have a result_full");
+    }
+    layout.AllocateItem(phi_act->result_full, CalcSize(phi_act->ty));
+  } else if (auto select_act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SelectItem>(action)) {
+    if (select_act->result_full == "") {
+      throw std::runtime_error("SelectItem should have a result_full");
+    }
+    layout.AllocateItem(select_act->result_full, CalcSize(select_act->ty));
+  } else {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Unknown action type");
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace NaiveBackend
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/naivebackend/naivebackend.h b/include/naivebackend/naivebackend.h
index 6a46225..9cc1f48 100644
--- a/include/naivebackend/naivebackend.h
+++ b/include/naivebackend/naivebackend.h
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <ios>
 #include <memory>
 #include <ostream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
 #include "IR/IR_basic.h"
 class RISCVAsmItemBase {
  public:
@@ -11,29 +15,180 @@ class RISCVAsmItemBase {
   virtual void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const = 0;
 };
 namespace NaiveBackend {
-  class RISCVConstStrItem : public RISCVAsmItemBase {
-   public:
-    RISCVConstStrItem() = default;
-    ~RISCVConstStrItem() = default;
-    void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const override;
-  };
-  class RISCVGlobalVarItem : public RISCVAsmItemBase {
-   public:
-    RISCVGlobalVarItem() = default;
-    ~RISCVGlobalVarItem() = default;
-    void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const override;
-  };
-  class RISCVFuncItem : public RISCVAsmItemBase {
-   public:
-    RISCVFuncItem() = default;
-    ~RISCVFuncItem() = default;
-    void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const override;
-  };
-  class RISCVProgItem : public RISCVAsmItemBase {
-   public:
-    RISCVProgItem() = default;
-    ~RISCVProgItem() = default;
-    void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const override;
-  };
+class RISCVConstStrItem : public RISCVAsmItemBase {
+ public:
+  std::string full_label;
+  std::string content;
+  RISCVConstStrItem() = default;
+  ~RISCVConstStrItem() = default;
+  void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const override {
+    os << full_label << ":\n";
+    os << "    .asciz  \"";
+    for (auto c : content) {
+      if (c == '\n') {
+        os << "\\n";
+      } else if (c == '\t') {
+        os << "\\t";
+      } else if (c == '\"') {
+        os << "\\\"";
+      } else {
+        os << c;
+      }
+    }
+    os << "\"\n";
+  }
+};
+class RISCVGlobalVarItem : public RISCVAsmItemBase {
+ public:
+  std::string full_label;
+  RISCVGlobalVarItem() = default;
+  ~RISCVGlobalVarItem() = default;
+  void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const override {
+    os << ".globl  " << full_label << "\n";
+    os << ".p2align        2, 0x0\n";
+    os << full_label << ":\n";
+    os << "    .word   0\n";
+  }
+};
+class RISCVFuncItem : public RISCVAsmItemBase {
+  friend void ::GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
+
+ public:
+  std::string full_label;
+  std::vector<std::string> code_lines;
+  RISCVFuncItem() = default;
+  ~RISCVFuncItem() = default;
+  void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const override {
+    os << ".globl  " << full_label << "\n";
+    os << ".p2align        2, 0x0\n";
+    os << full_label << ":\n";
+    for (auto &line : code_lines) {
+      os << line << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+};
+class RISCVProgItem : public RISCVAsmItemBase {
+ public:
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<RISCVConstStrItem>> const_strs;
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<RISCVGlobalVarItem>> global_vars;
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<RISCVFuncItem>> funcs;
+  RISCVProgItem() = default;
+  ~RISCVProgItem() = default;
+  void RecursivePrint(std::ostream &os) const override {
+    os << ".section .rodata\n";
+    for (auto &item : const_strs) {
+      item->RecursivePrint(os);
+    }
+    os << ".section .sbss\n";
+    for (auto &item : global_vars) {
+      item->RecursivePrint(os);
+    }
+    os << ".section .text\n";
+    for (auto &item : funcs) {
+      item->RecursivePrint(os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+class FuncLayout {
+  friend void ::GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
+  friend void GenerateReadAccess(std::string val, size_t bytes, std::string output_reg, FuncLayout &layout,
+                                 std::vector<std::string> &code_lines);
+  friend inline void GenerateWriteAccess(std::string val, size_t bytes, std::string data_reg, FuncLayout &layout,
+                                         std::vector<std::string> &code_lines);
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> local_items;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> arg_offset;
+  size_t cur_pos;
+  size_t total_frame_size;  // should align to 16 bytes
+ public:
+  FuncLayout() : cur_pos(8), total_frame_size(16) {}
+  void AllocateItem(const std::string &name, size_t sz, size_t num = 1) {
+    if (local_items.find(name) != local_items.end()) throw std::runtime_error("Local item already exists");
+    if (cur_pos % sz != 0) {
+      cur_pos += sz - cur_pos % sz;
+    }
+    cur_pos += sz * num;
+    local_items[name] = cur_pos;
+    total_frame_size = ((cur_pos + 15) / 16) * 16;
+    std::cerr << "allocating stack memory for " << name << " at " << cur_pos << std::endl;
+  }
+  size_t QueryOffeset(const std::string &name) {
+    if (local_items.find(name) == local_items.end()) throw std::runtime_error("Local item not found");
+    return local_items[name];
+  }
+  size_t QueryFrameSize() const { return total_frame_size; }
+};
+
+inline void GenerateReadAccess(std::string val, size_t bytes, std::string output_reg, FuncLayout &layout,
+                               std::vector<std::string> &code_lines) {
+  if (val.size() > 4 && val.substr(val.size() - 4, 4) == ".val") {
+    // parameter
+    if (layout.arg_offset.find(val) == layout.arg_offset.end()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Unknown argument with name=" + val);
+    }
+    size_t offset = layout.arg_offset.at(val);
+    if (offset < 8) {
+      output_reg = "a" + std::to_string(offset);
+    } else {
+      size_t spilled_offset = (offset - 8) * 4;  // just*4, which is different from the real riscv
+      std::string cmd;
+      if (bytes == 1)
+        cmd = "lb";
+      else if (bytes == 4)
+        cmd = "lw";
+      else
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unknown bytes");
+      cmd += " " + output_reg + ", " + std::to_string(spilled_offset) + "(fp)";
+      code_lines.push_back(cmd);
+    }
+  } else if (val.size() > 13 && val.substr(0, 13) == "@.var.global.") {
+    // global variable address keeper
+    std::string label_in_asm = val.substr(1, val.size() - 1);
+    code_lines.push_back("la " + output_reg + ", " + label_in_asm);
+  } else if (val.size() > 12 && val.substr(0, 12) == "%.var.local.") {
+    // local variable address keeper
+    size_t offset = layout.QueryOffeset(val);
+    code_lines.push_back("addi " + output_reg + ", fp, -" + std::to_string(offset));
+  } else if (val.size() > 10 && val.substr(0, 10) == "%.var.tmp.") {
+    // tmp variable, not address keeper
+    size_t offset = layout.QueryOffeset(val);
+    code_lines.push_back("addi " + output_reg + ", fp, -" + std::to_string(offset));
+    if (bytes == 1) {
+      code_lines.push_back("lb " + output_reg + ", 0(" + output_reg + ")");
+    } else if (bytes == 4) {
+      code_lines.push_back("lw " + output_reg + ", 0(" + output_reg + ")");
+    } else {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Unknown bytes");
+    }
+  } else {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Unknown variable type with name=" + val);
+  }
 }
+inline void GenerateWriteAccess(std::string val, size_t bytes, std::string data_reg, FuncLayout &layout,
+                                std::vector<std::string> &code_lines) {
+  if (val.size() > 4 && val.substr(val.size() - 4, 4) == ".val") {
+    // parameter
+    throw std::runtime_error("Cannot write to a parameter");
+  } else if (val.size() > 13 && val.substr(0, 13) == "@.var.global.") {
+    // global variable address keeper
+    throw std::runtime_error("Cannot write to a global variable address keeper");
+  } else if (val.size() > 12 && val.substr(0, 12) == "%.var.local.") {
+    // local variable address keeper
+    throw std::runtime_error("Cannot write to a local variable address keeper");
+  } else if (val.size() > 10 && val.substr(0, 10) == "%.var.tmp.") {
+    // tmp variable, not address keeper
+    size_t offset = layout.QueryOffeset(val);
+    code_lines.push_back("addi " + data_reg + ", fp, -" + std::to_string(offset));
+    if (bytes == 1) {
+      code_lines.push_back("sb " + data_reg + ", 0(" + data_reg + ")");
+    } else if (bytes == 4) {
+      code_lines.push_back("sw " + data_reg + ", 0(" + data_reg + ")");
+    } else {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Unknown bytes");
+    }
+  } else {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Unknown variable type with name=" + val);
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace NaiveBackend
+
 void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/IR/IRBuilder.cpp b/src/IR/IRBuilder.cpp
index 73d254d..d3af6ab 100644
--- a/src/IR/IRBuilder.cpp
+++ b/src/IR/IRBuilder.cpp
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(FuncDef_ASTNode *node) {
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UNConditionJMPAction>(cur_func->init_block->exit_action)->label_full =
       current_block->label_full;
   is_in_func_def = true;
-  cur_alloca_block=func_def->init_block;
+  cur_alloca_block = func_def->init_block;
   node->func_body->accept(this);
-  cur_alloca_block=main_init_block;
+  cur_alloca_block = main_init_block;
   is_in_func_def = false;
 
   if (!(cur_block->exit_action)) {
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(FuncDef_ASTNode *node) {
 void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(ClassDef_ASTNode *node) {
   is_in_class_def = true;
   cur_class_name = node->class_name;
+  prog->low_level_class_info["%.class." + cur_class_name] = global_scope->fetch_class_info(cur_class_name);
   auto tpdf = std::make_shared<TypeDefItem>();
   tpdf->class_name_raw = node->class_name;
   cur_class = tpdf;
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(ClassDef_ASTNode *node) {
 }
 
 void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(Program_ASTNode *node) {
-  cur_alloca_block=main_init_block;
+  cur_alloca_block = main_init_block;
   for (auto ch : node->sorted_children) {
     ch->accept(this);
   }
@@ -950,6 +951,8 @@ void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(LAndExpr_ASTNode *node) {
   size_t new_block_id = block_counter++;
   auto right_cal_block = std::make_shared<BlockItem>();
   auto new_block = std::make_shared<BlockItem>();
+  auto phi_act = std::make_shared<PhiItem>();
+
   right_cal_block->label_full = "label_" + std::to_string(right_cal_block_id);
   new_block->label_full = "label_" + std::to_string(new_block_id);
   cur_block->exit_action = std::make_shared<BRAction>();
@@ -957,15 +960,18 @@ void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(LAndExpr_ASTNode *node) {
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BRAction>(cur_block->exit_action)->true_label_full = right_cal_block->label_full;
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BRAction>(cur_block->exit_action)->false_label_full = new_block->label_full;
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BRAction>(cur_block->exit_action)->cond = node->left->IR_result_full;
+  cur_block->exit_action->corresponding_phi = phi_act;
+
   cur_func->basic_blocks.push_back(right_cal_block);
   cur_block = right_cal_block;
   node->right->accept(this);
   cur_block->exit_action = std::make_shared<UNConditionJMPAction>();
   auto right_block_end = cur_block;
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UNConditionJMPAction>(cur_block->exit_action)->label_full = new_block->label_full;
+  cur_block->exit_action->corresponding_phi = phi_act;
+  
   cur_func->basic_blocks.push_back(new_block);
   cur_block = new_block;
-  auto phi_act = std::make_shared<PhiItem>();
   phi_act->result_full = "%.var.tmp." + std::to_string(tmp_var_counter++);
   phi_act->ty = LLVMIRIntType(1);
   phi_act->values.push_back(std::make_pair("0", src_block->label_full));
@@ -989,6 +995,8 @@ void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(LOrExpr_ASTNode *node) {
   size_t new_block_id = block_counter++;
   auto right_cal_block = std::make_shared<BlockItem>();
   auto new_block = std::make_shared<BlockItem>();
+  auto phi_act = std::make_shared<PhiItem>();
+
   right_cal_block->label_full = "label_" + std::to_string(right_cal_block_id);
   new_block->label_full = "label_" + std::to_string(new_block_id);
   cur_block->exit_action = std::make_shared<BRAction>();
@@ -996,15 +1004,18 @@ void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(LOrExpr_ASTNode *node) {
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BRAction>(cur_block->exit_action)->true_label_full = new_block->label_full;
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BRAction>(cur_block->exit_action)->false_label_full = right_cal_block->label_full;
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BRAction>(cur_block->exit_action)->cond = node->left->IR_result_full;
+  cur_block->exit_action->corresponding_phi = phi_act;
+  
   cur_func->basic_blocks.push_back(right_cal_block);
   cur_block = right_cal_block;
   node->right->accept(this);
   cur_block->exit_action = std::make_shared<UNConditionJMPAction>();
   auto right_block_end = cur_block;
   std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UNConditionJMPAction>(cur_block->exit_action)->label_full = new_block->label_full;
+  cur_block->exit_action->corresponding_phi = phi_act;
+
   cur_func->basic_blocks.push_back(new_block);
   cur_block = new_block;
-  auto phi_act = std::make_shared<PhiItem>();
   phi_act->result_full = "%.var.tmp." + std::to_string(tmp_var_counter++);
   phi_act->ty = LLVMIRIntType(1);
   phi_act->values.push_back(std::make_pair("1", src_block->label_full));
@@ -1045,6 +1056,8 @@ void IRBuilder::ActuralVisit(TernaryExpr_ASTNode *node) {
   ExprTypeInfo void_std = IdentifierType("void");
   if (node->expr_type_info != void_std) {
     auto phi_act = std::make_shared<PhiItem>();
+    src1_end_block->exit_action->corresponding_phi = phi_act;
+    src2_end_block->exit_action->corresponding_phi = phi_act;
     phi_act->result_full = "%.var.tmp." + std::to_string(tmp_var_counter++);
     phi_act->ty = Type_AST2LLVM(node->expr_type_info);
     phi_act->values.push_back(std::make_pair(node->src1->IR_result_full, src1_end_block->label_full));
diff --git a/src/main.cpp b/src/main.cpp
index 85b2e36..d19208a 100644
--- a/src/main.cpp
+++ b/src/main.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   try {
     SemanticCheck(fin, ast);
     auto IR = BuildIR(ast);
-    IR->RecursivePrint(fout);
-    // GenerateNaiveASM(fout, IR);
+    IR->RecursivePrint(std::cerr);
+    GenerateNaiveASM(fout, IR);
   } catch (const SemanticError &err) {
     std::cout << err.what() << std::endl;
     return err.GetErrorCode();
diff --git a/src/naivebackend/naivebackend.cpp b/src/naivebackend/naivebackend.cpp
index 0a571dc..fd26048 100644
--- a/src/naivebackend/naivebackend.cpp
+++ b/src/naivebackend/naivebackend.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,59 @@
 #include "naivebackend.h"
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "IR/IR_basic.h"
+#include "build_layout.hpp"
+using namespace NaiveBackend;
 void GenerateNaiveASM(std::ostream &os, std::shared_ptr<ModuleItem> prog) {
-  ;
+  auto riscv = std::make_shared<RISCVProgItem>();
+
+  for (auto conststr : prog->const_strs) {
+    auto asm_item = std::make_shared<RISCVConstStrItem>();
+    riscv->const_strs.push_back(asm_item);
+    asm_item->content = conststr->string_raw;
+    asm_item->full_label = ".str." + std::to_string(conststr->const_str_id);
+  }
+  for (auto global_var : prog->global_var_defs) {
+    auto asm_item = std::make_shared<RISCVGlobalVarItem>();
+    riscv->global_vars.push_back(asm_item);
+    asm_item->full_label = ".var.global." + global_var->name_raw + ".addrkp";
+  }
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, FuncLayout> func_layouts;
+  for (auto func_def : prog->function_defs) {
+    if (func_def->init_block) {
+      for (auto act : func_def->init_block->actions) {
+        ScanForVar(func_layouts[func_def->func_name_raw], act);
+      }
+    }
+    for (auto block : func_def->basic_blocks) {
+      for (auto act : block->actions) {
+        ScanForVar(func_layouts[func_def->func_name_raw], act);
+      }
+    }
+    FuncLayout &layout = func_layouts[func_def->func_name_raw];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < func_def->args_full_name.size(); i++) {
+      layout.arg_offset[func_def->args_full_name[i]] = i;
+    }
+    // debug:
+
+    std::cerr << "layout info of function " << func_def->func_name_raw << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << "\tcur_pos=" << layout.cur_pos << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << "\ttotal_frame_size=" << layout.total_frame_size << std::endl;
+    for (const auto &item : layout.local_items) {
+      std::cerr << "\t" << item.first << " " << item.second << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (auto func_def : prog->function_defs) {
+    auto func_asm = std::make_shared<RISCVFuncItem>();
+    riscv->funcs.push_back(func_asm);
+    func_asm->full_label = func_def->func_name_raw;
+    if (func_def->init_block) {
+      func_asm->code_lines.push_back(".entrylabel." + func_def->init_block->label_full + ":");
+    }
+    for (auto block : func_def->basic_blocks) {
+      func_asm->code_lines.push_back(".entrylabel." + block->label_full + ":");
+    }
+  }
+
+  riscv->RecursivePrint(os);
 }
\ No newline at end of file